![]() No matter how many idiots you suspect yourself surrounded by, Cipolla wrote, you are invariably lowballing the total. Law 1: Always and inevitably everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation. First Basic Law Always and inevitably everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation. ![]() No matter how many idiots you suspect yourself surrounded by you are invariably low-balling. Let’s take a look at Cipolla’s five basic laws of human stupidity: Law 1: Always and inevitably everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation. The probability that a certain person is stupid is independent of any other. Advertisement We can do nothing about the stupid. And its corollary: A stupid person is more dangerous than a bandit. The only way a society can avoid being crushed by the burden of its idiots is if the non-stupid work even harder to offset the losses of their stupid brethren. Everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals among us. Law 5: A stupid person is the most dangerous type of person. There are no defenses against stupidity, argued the Italian-born professor, who died in 2000. ![]() Cipolla explained, share several identifying traits: they are abundant, they are irrational, and they cause problems for others without apparent benefit to themselves, thereby lowering society’s total well-being. In 1976, a professor of economic history at the University of California, Berkeley published an essay outlining the fundamental laws of a force he perceived as humanity’s greatest existential threat: Stupidity. ![]()
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